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值班水手与高级值班水手的年龄、海上服务资历要求四格比较(STCW公约第II/4条、第II/5条、第III/4条、第III/5条)

STCW公约把普通船员的证书分成两级。第一级是构成值班一部分的普通船员,第二级是高级值班船员(able seafarer)。甲板部由第II/4条和第II/5条管,轮机部由第III/4条和第III/5条管。四条规则结构相同,数字不同。

数字不同的地方有三处。适用船舶的门槛、海上服务资历的下限、完成培训后缩短的期限。本文引用四条规则的句子,并整理成四格表。还看2012年以前的证书和ILO公约证书的过渡规定。

适用门槛,甲板看吨位,轮机看功率

1 Every rating forming part of a navigational watch on a seagoing ship of 500 gross tonnage or more, other than ratings under training and ratings whose duties while on watch are of an unskilled nature, shall be duly certificated to perform such duties.

1 Every rating forming part of an engine-room watch or designated to perform duties in a periodically unmanned engine-room on a seagoing ship powered by main propulsion machinery of 750 kW propulsion power or more, other than ratings under training and ratings whose duties are of an unskilled nature, shall be duly certificated to perform such duties.

第一句是第II/4条,第二句是第III/4条。甲板部的门槛是500总吨及以上,轮机部的门槛是主推进功率750 kW及以上。第II/5条和第III/5条的高级值班船员使用同样的门槛。

两句话都排除两类人。ratings under training和职责of an unskilled nature的普通船员。受训中的普通船员和从事无需技能工作的普通船员,可以不持证书参加值班。轮机部还加上designated to perform duties in a periodically unmanned engine-room。在机舱定期无人值守的体制下即使不值班,被指定承担机舱职责的普通船员仍需要证书。

值班普通船员要求16岁和两条资历路径之一

2 Every candidate for certification shall: .1 be not less than 16 years of age; .2 have completed: .2.1 approved seagoing service including not less than six months of training and experience, or .2.2 special training, either pre-sea or on board ship, including an approved period of seagoing service which shall not be less than two months; and .3 meet the standard of competence specified in section A-II/4 of the STCW Code.

这是第II/4条第2款。年龄不小于16岁。海上服务资历走两条路径之一。含培训和经验的认可海上服务不少于六个月,或者上船前或在船上的特别培训,其中含不少于两个月的认可海上服务期。第III/4条第2款对机舱值班规定同样的数字。

3 The seagoing service, training and experience required by subparagraphs 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 shall be associated with navigational watchkeeping functions and involve the performance of duties carried out under the direct supervision of the master, the officer in charge of the navigational watch or a qualified rating.

海上服务资历附有条件。必须是与航行值班职能相关的服务,并且是在船长、负责航行值班的驾驶员或合格普通船员的直接监督下履行的职责。不是在船上待的时间,而是在监督下从事值班相关职责的时间。第III/4条第3款规定同样的条件,监督人为合格轮机员或合格普通船员。

高级值班船员建立在值班资格之上

2 Every candidate for certification shall: .1 be not less than 18 years of age; .2 meet the requirements for certification as a rating forming part of a navigational watch; .3 while qualified to serve as a rating forming part of a navigational watch, have approved seagoing service in the deck department of: .3.1 not less than 18 months, or .3.2 not less than 12 months and have completed approved training; and .4 meet the standard of competence specified in section A-II/5 of the STCW Code.

这是第II/5条第2款。年龄升至18岁,必须满足值班水手的要求,在此之上再叠加甲板部的海上服务资历。服务资历不少于18个月,或完成认可培训的不少于12个月。

这里要读的词是while qualified to serve as a rating forming part of a navigational watch。高级值班船员的海上服务资历只计算在已具备值班水手资格的状态下积累的期间。取得值班水手证书之前的在船时间不计入这18个月。要把证书的签发日和上下船记录的日期放在一起才算得出来。

.3 while qualified to serve as a rating forming part of an engineering watch, have approved seagoing service in the engine department of: .3.1 not less than 12 months, or .3.2 not less than 6 months and have completed approved training; and

这是第III/5条第2款中相同的位置。轮机部的高级值班船员需在具备值班机工资格的状态下不少于12个月,完成认可培训的不少于6个月。比甲板部短。年龄18岁和满足值班普通船员要求与甲板部相同。

把四条规则放进一张表就能看见数字

项目 甲板值班水手(II/4) 高级值班水手(II/5) 轮机值班机工(III/4) 高级值班机工(III/5)
适用船舶 500总吨及以上 500总吨及以上 主推进750 kW及以上 主推进750 kW及以上
最低年龄 16岁 18岁 16岁 18岁
先决资格 无 满足值班普通船员要求 无 满足值班普通船员要求
海上服务资历 含培训、经验6个月 取得资格后18个月 含培训、经验6个月 取得资格后12个月
培训后缩短 特别培训+在船2个月 认可培训+12个月 特别培训+在船2个月 认可培训+6个月
适任标准 规则A-II/4 规则A-II/5 规则A-III/4 规则A-III/5

竖着看各列,甲板与轮机的差别在两处。门槛的单位不同,高级值班船员的服务资历甲板是18个月、12个月,轮机是12个月、6个月。横着看各行,从值班普通船员升到高级值班船员时年龄提高两岁,服务资历的性质改变。值班普通船员的期限是含培训和经验的期限,高级值班船员的期限是具备资格之后的服务期限。

适任的证据以实操考试或在船经验提供

3 Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence specified in columns 3 and 4 of table A-II/4. The reference to “practical test” in column 3 may include approved shore-based training in which the trainees undergo practical testing.

这是规则A-II/4第3段。适任的证据按表A-II/4第3栏和第4栏所列的方法和标准提供。表中的practical test也包括含实操考核的认可岸上培训。规则A-III/4第3段有同样的句子。高级值班船员的规则A-II/5、A-III/5评估从在船经验或实操考试取得的证据。

2012年以前的证书和ILO公约证书按过渡规定处理

5 Until 1 January 2017, a Party which is also a Party to the International Labour Organization Certification of Able Seamen Convention, 1946 (No. 74) may continue to renew and revalidate certificates and endorsements in accordance with the provisions of the aforesaid convention.

这是第II/5条第5款。ILO《有能力海员证书公约》(1946年,第74号)的缔约国,在2017年1月1日之前可以继续按该公约换发和再有效证书。第4款允许在2012年1月1日之前按该公约签发、承认和签证。第II/4条和第II/5条的脚注写明,这些要求不同于ILO公约对有能力海员证书的要求。

6 Seafarers may be considered by the Party to have met the requirements of this regulation if they have served in a relevant capacity in the deck department for a period of not less than 12 months within the last 60 months preceding the entry into force of this regulation for that Party.

这是第II/5条第6款。在规则对该缔约国生效前的60个月内,在甲板部以相关职务服务不少于12个月的人,可被视为已满足要求。第III/5条第4款对轮机部作同样的安排。两条规则的第3款交由缔约国把2012年1月1日以前证书的适任标准与规则比较,决定是否需要补充。

需要确认的事

本文涵盖四条规则的正文和规则A-II/4第3段。表A-II/4、A-II/5、A-III/4、A-III/5的能力项目不在本文范围内。带approved的海上服务和培训指船旗国认可的,哪些培训属于认可培训,要在签发证书的船旗国规定中确认。

计算高级值班船员服务资历的起点是值班普通船员证书的签发日。只加总该日期之后的上下船记录。如果是把证书签发日之前的在船时间加进去凑够18个月,就要重新计算。

可以直接查阅所引用的原文

以下链接指向本文所述文件的官方发布机构。请核对文中注明的版本与条款,并在实际适用前确认后续修订及船旗国的实施要求。

可以继续查阅相关业务说明

Bellbook把海员证书的签发日、到期日和上下船记录放在同一张人员卡上

高级值班船员的海上服务资历只计算取得值班资格之后的期间。Bellbook在人事记录卡上保存证书的签发机关、签发日和到期日,并以上下船记录留下此人在哪条船、从何时到何时。

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