海员体检证书的有效期与不允许酌情处理的视力标准（STCW公约第I/9条、规则A-I/9）

STCW公约第I/9条要求各缔约国建立海员健康标准和体检证书的签发程序。标准的内容由规则A-I/9填充。两条一起读，就能分出缔约国可以决定的和不能决定的。

有效期、航行途中到期的处理、紧急情况下的许可，由规则用数字定死。在身体标准的适用上，缔约国可以给医生酌情权。但对甲板部承担瞭望职责的人的视力，没有酌情权。本文沿着这条界线走。

MLC, 2006标准A1.2也涉及海员体检证书。两套制度的有效期结构使用同样的数字，MLC一侧在另一篇文章中讨论。本文只看STCW的条文。

持公约证书上船的人还必须持有有效的体检证书

3 Every seafarer holding a certificate issued under the provisions of the Convention, who is serving at sea, shall also hold a valid medical certificate issued in accordance with the provisions of this regulation and of section A-I/9 of the STCW Code.

这是第I/9条第3款。对象是持公约规定签发的证书在海上服务的所有海员。shall also hold的意思是适任证书和体检证书各走各的。适任证书有效而体检证书到期，就不满足这一条。

第4款为申请签发证书的人设三个条件。不小于16岁、提供令人满意的身份证明、满足缔约国规定的健康标准。

有效期上限为2年，18岁以下为1年

5 Medical certificates shall remain valid for a maximum period of two years unless the seafarer is under the age of 18, in which case the maximum period of validity shall be one year.

这是第I/9条第5款。因为写的是maximum period，2年和1年是上限。缔约国或医生可以写更短的期限。以证书上注明的到期日为准，不是用签发日加2年来算。

6 If the period of validity of a medical certificate expires in the course of a voyage, then the medical certificate shall continue in force until the next port of call where a medical practitioner recognized by the Party is available, provided that the period shall not exceed three months.

第6款处理航行途中到期。条件有两个。到有缔约国认可医生的下一个停靠港为止，且这段期间不得超过3个月。下一港没有认可医生，证书延续到再下一港，但任何情况下3个月都是终点。

7 In urgent cases the Administration may permit a seafarer to work without a valid medical certificate until the next port of call where a medical practitioner recognized by the Party is available, provided that: .1 the period of such permission does not exceed three months; and .2 the seafarer concerned is in possession of an expired medical certificate of recent date.

第7款是没有有效证书而上船的紧急许可。与第6款不同之处在于，许可的主体是主管机关，而且海员必须持有an expired medical certificate of recent date。从未取得过证书的人走不通这一款。期限上限与第6款相同，是3个月。

健康标准必须保证五件事

2 The standards of physical and medical fitness established by the Party shall ensure that seafarers satisfy the following criteria: .1 have the physical capability, taking into account paragraph 5 below, to fulfil all the requirements of the basic training as required by section A-VI/1, paragraph 2; .2 demonstrate adequate hearing and speech to communicate effectively and detect any audible alarms; .3 have no medical condition, disorder or impairment that will prevent the effective and safe conduct of their routine and emergency duties on board during the validity period of the medical certificate; .4 are not suffering from any medical condition likely to be aggravated by service at sea or to render the seafarer unfit for such service or to endanger the health and safety of other persons on board; and .5 are not taking any medication that has side effects that will impair judgment, balance, or any other requirements for effective and safe performance of routine and emergency duties on board.

这是规则A-I/9第2段。缔约国制定的标准必须保证五件事。完成基本培训的身体能力、听到警报的听力和沟通的言语能力、在证书有效期内没有妨碍日常和应急职责的疾病、没有因海上服务而加重或危及他人的疾病、不服用损害判断和平衡的药物。

第三项中的during the validity period of the medical certificate把标准和有效期连在一起。不只是检查当时没有问题，而是在证书有效的整个期间都能履行职责。第1段写明，缔约国可以对新入职者和在职海员、按船上职能区别设定标准。

有酌情权的标准和没有酌情权的标准在同一段里

5 Each Party shall provide guidance for the conduct of medical fitness examinations and issuing of medical certificates, taking into account provisions set out in section B-I/9 of this Code. Each Party shall determine the amount of discretion given to recognized medical practitioners on the application of the medical standards, bearing in mind the different duties of seafarers, except that there shall not be discretion with respect to the minimum eyesight standards for distance vision aided, near/immediate vision and colour vision in table A-I/9 for seafarers in the deck department required to undertake look-out duties. A Party may allow discretion on the application of these standards with regard to seafarers in the engine department, on the condition that seafarers’ combined vision fulfils the requirements set out in table A-I/9.

这是规则A-I/9第5段。缔约国决定给认可医生多大的标准适用酌情权。这一酌情权有一处例外。对甲板部承担瞭望职责的海员的矫正远视力、近视力和色觉的最低标准。对这三项，there shall not be discretion。

轮机部不同。双眼合并视力满足表A-I/9的要求时，缔约国可以允许酌情处理。同一段之内，甲板瞭望和轮机部朝相反方向分开。

项目	甲板瞭望职责人员	轮机部
矫正远视力	无酌情权	合并视力达到表的要求时可酌情
近视力	无酌情权	合并视力达到表的要求时可酌情
色觉	无酌情权	合并视力达到表的要求时可酌情
其他健康标准	缔约国规定范围内的酌情权	缔约国规定范围内的酌情权

表A-I/9为三类人员规定视力数值

表A-I/9把海员分成三类。甲板一侧是承担瞭望职责的船长、甲板高级船员和普通船员，轮机一侧是全部轮机员、电子电气员、电子技工和机舱值班普通船员，再加上GMDSS无线电操作员。

类别	矫正远视力（一眼 / 另一眼）	近视力	色觉
甲板瞭望职责人员	0.5 / 0.5	航行所需的视力	CIE色觉标准1或2
轮机部全体	0.4 / 0.4（合并不低于0.4）	近距离读取仪表的视力	CIE色觉标准1、2或3
GMDSS无线电操作员	0.4 / 0.4	近距离读取仪表的视力	CIE色觉标准1、2或3

数值采用斯涅伦小数记法。表的注释建议甲板一侧一眼不低于0.7，并要求轮机部人员的合并视力不低于0.4。视野、夜盲和复视适用于全部三类，要求具备在黑暗中履行全部职责的视力，且无明显复视表现。

色觉每6年检查一次，证书附英文译文

• Note: Colour vision assessment only needs to be conducted every six years.

规则A-I/9第7段列出证书至少应记载的信息。签发权限、海员信息、认可医生的声明、签发机关、海员签字。医生的声明包括听力、视力、色觉是否达标，是否适合瞭望职责，有无限制，检查日和到期日。附在色觉项上的注释把检查间隔定为6年。证书每2年重新取得，但色觉检查只要记下最后一次检查日，6年内就不必重做。

8 Medical certificates shall be in the official language of the issuing country. If the language used is not English, the text shall include a translation into that language.

第8段是语言。用签发国的官方语言书写，不是英文的要附英文译文。因为这是港口国监督要读的文件。

6 Each Party shall establish processes and procedures to enable seafarers who, after examination, do not meet the medical fitness standards or have had a limitation imposed on their ability to work, in particular with respect to time, field of work or trading area, to have their case reviewed in line with that Party’s provisions for appeal.

第6段是复审。未达标准或在期限、工作范围、航行区域上受到限制的海员，必须能够按缔约国的程序申请复审。第7段的证书格式在海员签字旁边设有确认栏，确认已告知这项复审权利。

需要确认的事

本文涵盖第I/9条正文、规则A-I/9第1段至第8段和表A-I/9。规则B-I/9关于身体能力评估的指南不在本文范围内。缔约国实际制定的标准和认可医生名册，要在船旗国的规定中确认。

体检证书的有效期在MLC, 2006标准A1.2中也是同样的数字。一张证书是否同时满足两项要求，以证书上签发依据栏注明的要求为准。

可以直接查阅所引用的原文

以下链接指向本文所述文件的官方发布机构。请核对文中注明的版本与条款，并在实际适用前确认后续修订及船旗国的实施要求。

• IMO · STCW Convention and Code (Manila Amendments)

可以继续查阅相关业务说明

• 海员体检证书有效期与航行途中到期的处理(MLC标准A1.2)
• 证书再有效的五年间隔与海上服务资历要求的两条路（STCW公约第I/11条）