垃圾告示牌、管理计划与记录簿的三道门槛及记载·保存要求(MARPOL附则V规则10)

MARPOL附则V规则10向船舶提出三项要求。告知排放要求的告示牌、船员须遵守的垃圾管理计划,以及记载排放和焚烧的垃圾记录簿。三者的适用门槛各不相同。
把门槛混着读,结果就会不同。把管理计划的门槛套到记录簿上,就会向不需要记录簿的船索要记录簿。反过来读,船在港口国检查时就成了缺少记录簿的船。
正文是2013年1月1日生效的决议MEPC.201(62)修订后的附则V。此后2018年生效的MEPC.277(70)、2020年生效的MEPC.314(74)和2024年生效的MEPC.360(79)又对规则10作了修改。本文按修改后的条文来读,并说明哪项决议改了哪里。
告示牌从总长12m起适用,并附有语言条件
1.1 Every ship of 12 m or more in length overall and fixed or floating platforms shall display placards which notify the crew and passengers of the discharge requirements of regulations 3, 4, 5 and 6 of this Annex, as applicable. .2 The placards shall be written in the working language of the ship’s crew and, for ships engaged in voyages to ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of other Parties to the Convention, shall also be in English, French or Spanish.
门槛是长度,不是吨位。总长12m及以上的船,不论总吨多少都要张贴告示牌。固定或浮动平台也一样。内容是规则3、4、5、6的排放要求,只写适用于本船的部分即可。
语言分两层。船员的工作语言是基础。前往其他缔约国管辖的港口或近海装卸站的船,再加上英语、法语或西班牙语之一。只跑国内航线的船,只用工作语言就够了。
管理计划从100总吨或15人起,并须指定负责人
2 Every ship of 100 gross tonnage and above, and every ship which is certified to carry 15 or more persons, and fixed or floating platforms shall carry a garbage management plan which the crew shall follow. This plan shall provide written procedures for minimizing, collecting, storing, processing and disposing of garbage, including the use of the equipment on board. It shall also designate the person or persons in charge of carrying out the plan. Such a plan shall be based on the guidelines developed by the Organization and written in the working language of the crew.
两道门槛用or连在一起。100总吨及以上的船适用,经核定可载15人及以上的船也适用。小型客船由第二道门槛进来。人数指的是证书上核定的人数,不是实际在船人数。
计划要写明五个步骤的程序。减量、收集、储存、处理、处置。船上设备的使用方法也包括在内。还要指定执行计划的负责人。计划以本组织制定的导则为基础,用船员的工作语言书写。与告示牌不同,没有并列英语的条件。
MEPC.360(79)把记录簿门槛从400总吨降到了100总吨
2013年生效正文的规则10.3把记录簿的适用对象定为400总吨及以上。2024年5月1日生效的MEPC.360(79)把它的第一句改成了下面这样。
3 Every ship of 100 gross tonnage and above and every ship which is certified to carry 15 or more persons engaged in voyages to ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of another Party to the Convention and every fixed or floating platform shall be provided with a Garbage Record Book.
变成了与管理计划相同的100总吨,但多附了一个条件。必须是前往其他缔约国管辖的港口或近海装卸站的船。只跑国内航线的100总吨船要备有管理计划,但记录簿按这一条文并不适用。
同一款的第二句由2020年10月1日生效的MEPC.314(74)替换。
The Garbage Record Book, whether as a part of the ship’s official logbook, or as an electronic record book which shall be approved by the Administration taking into account the Guidelines developed by the Organization, or otherwise, shall be in the form specified in appendix II to this Annex:
记录簿的形式有三种。官方航海日志的一部分、经主管机关认可的电子记录簿,或其他形式。无论哪一种,格式都按附录II。电子记录簿以主管机关认可为条件,所以装了软件并不等于有了记录簿。
| 要求 | 门槛 | 附加条件 |
|---|---|---|
| 告示牌 | 总长12m及以上、平台 | 工作语言,挂靠外国港口时并列英、法、西文 |
| 管理计划 | 100总吨及以上或核定15人及以上、平台 | 工作语言,指定负责人 |
| 记录簿 | 100总吨及以上或核定15人及以上、平台 | 驶往其他缔约国港口,附录II格式 |
记录簿分为第I部分和第II部分,类别为九项和两项
2018年3月1日生效的MEPC.277(70)把附录II的类别说明改成了下面这样。
3 Description of the garbage Garbage is to be grouped into categories for the purposes of recording in parts I and II of the Garbage Record Book (or ship’s official log-book) as follows: Part I A Plastics B Food wastes C Domestic wastes D Cooking oil E Incinerator ashes F Operational wastes G Animal carcasses H Fishing gear I E-waste Part II J Cargo residues (non-HME) K Cargo residues (HME)
第I部分所有船都用。第II部分只有装运固体散装货物的船才用。货物残余物是否对海洋环境有害(HME),决定了J和K的分法。在2013年生效的正文里,货物残余物只是类别G一项。这次修订把它移到第II部分并一分为二,电子废弃物类别I也是这时加进来的。
记载项目分为排入海中、焚烧和交岸三种
谁在什么时候签字,由2013年生效正文的规则10.3.1规定。
.1 Each discharge into the sea or to a reception facility, or a completed incineration, shall be promptly recorded in the Garbage Record Book and signed for on the date of the discharge or incineration by the officer in charge. Each completed page of the Garbage Record Book shall be signed by the master of the ship. The entries in the Garbage Record Book shall be at least in English, French or Spanish. Where the entries are also made in an official language of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly, the entries in that language shall prevail in case of a dispute or discrepancy;
负责的高级船员当天签字,船长在每一页写满后签字。MEPC.314(74)在第二句的each completed page之后加入了or group of electronic entries。在电子记录簿里,船长不是按页而是按一组记载签字。语言至少是英语、法语或西班牙语之一。如果同时用船旗国的官方语言记载,发生争议时以该语言为准。
写什么内容,MEPC.277(70)分成三项重新写了。
.2 The entry for each discharge into the sea under regulations 4, 5, 6 or section 5.2 of chapter 5 of part II-A of the Polar Code shall include date and time, position of the ship (latitude and longitude), category of the garbage and the estimated amount (in cubic metres) discharged. For discharge of cargo residues the discharge start and stop positions shall be recorded in addition to the foregoing; .3 The entry for each completed incineration shall include date and time and position of the ship (latitude and longitude) at the start and stop of incineration, categories of garbage incinerated and the estimated amount incinerated for each category in cubic metres; .4 The entry for each discharge to a port reception facility or another ship shall include date and time of discharge, port or facility or name of ship, categories of garbage discharged, and the estimated amount discharged for each category in cubic metres;
三种情况的共同项目是日期时间、类别和以立方米计的估计数量。不同的是位置的形式。排入海中写一个位置,但货物残余物要把开始和结束位置都写上。焚烧要写开始和结束的日期时间和位置。交岸则不写位置,而写港口或设施,或者接收船的船名。2013年生效正文的3.2把这三种情况揉在一句话里,修订后按情况分别定了项目。
保存期自最后一次记载起2年,收据一并保存
.3 The Garbage Record Book shall be kept on board the ship or the fixed or floating platform, and in such a place as to be readily available for inspection at all reasonable times. This document shall be preserved for a period of at least two years from the date of the last entry made in it;
这是2013年生效正文的3.3。MEPC.277(70)把这一项移为3.5,并在Garbage Record Book之后加入了along with receipts obtained from reception facilities。从接收设施取得的收据与记录簿承担同样的保存义务。期限是自最后一次记载之日起2年。起算点是最后一次记载的日期,不是本子写满的那天。
事故中丢失的垃圾也要记载。下面是MEPC.360(79)替换后的3.6。
.6 In the event of any discharge or accidental loss referred to in regulation 7 of this annex an entry shall be made in the Garbage Record Book, or in the case of any ship of less than 100 gross tonnage, an entry shall be made in the ship’s official logbook of the date and time of occurrence, port or position of the ship at time of occurrence (latitude, longitude and water depth if known), the reason for the discharge or loss, details of the items discharged or lost, categories of garbage discharged or lost, estimated amount for each category in cubic metres, reasonable precautions taken to prevent or minimize such discharge or accidental loss and general remarks.
规则7的例外排放和意外丢失记在记录簿里。没有记录簿的100总吨以下的船记在官方航海日志里。这道门槛也随记录簿门槛一起从400降到了100。要写的内容比一般记载多。水深、原因、物品详情、采取的预防措施都要写进去。渔具丢失对海洋环境或航行构成重大威胁时,按规则10.6向船旗国报告。如果发生在沿海国管辖水域,还要向该沿海国报告。
免除由主管机关裁量,查阅是港口国的权力
4 The Administration may waive the requirements for Garbage Record Books for: .1 Any ship engaged on voyages of one (1) hour or less in duration which is certified to carry 15 or more persons; or .2 Fixed or floating platforms.
可免除的对象只有两类。航程一小时以内、核定载客15人及以上的船,以及平台。写的是may waive,所以要主管机关准予免除才成立。管理计划和告示牌没有免除条款。
规则10.5允许缔约国的主管当局在港内查阅记录簿或航海日志并复制任何记载。可以要求船长证明该副本与原件相同。经证明的副本在法律程序中可作为证据。查阅应尽快进行,不得使船舶不当延误。
需要确认的事
本文把决议MEPC.201(62)的规则10及其附录,与MEPC.277(70)、MEPC.314(74)、MEPC.360(79)修改的部分叠在一起读。生效日依次为2013年1月1日、2018年3月1日、2020年10月1日和2024年5月1日。此后的修订和综合文本不在本文范围内。
记录簿格式的栏目构成在附录II,管理计划的编写导则在本组织的导则里,电子记录簿的认可标准在MEPC.312(74)。船旗国如何公布综合文本,以及电子记录簿的认可程序,要向该船旗国确认。
可以直接查阅所引用的原文
以下链接指向本文所述文件的官方发布机构。请核对文中注明的版本与条款,并在实际适用前确认后续修订及船旗国的实施要求。
可以继续查阅相关业务说明
按船保存管理计划的修订版和接收设施收据,岸上随时可查。记录簿本身按主管机关规定的格式留在船上,Bellbook负责的是放在它旁边的那些文件。
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