最低安全配员的提议、批准与撤销的角色分工，以及证书应载的五个事项（IMO决议A.1047(27)）
最低安全配员证书写明船舶出海时至少要配多少人、配哪些职位。这份证书由主管机关签发，但其中的数字最先是由营运船舶的公司拟出的。IMO大会决议A.1047(27)就是记载这一角色分工的文件。
该决议于2011年通过，并废止了此前的决议A.890(21)和A.955(23)。决议本身是建议而不是公约。但港口国监督把这份证书的遵守视为安全配员的证据。配员少于证书所载人数就出海的船，等于自己丢掉了那份证据。
本文沿着决议正文和附件1至附件5展开。谁提议什么、谁核查什么之后批准、证书里写什么、什么时候要重新提交，按这个顺序来看。
决议是建议，但港口国监督把证书当作证据
- RECOMMENDS that Governments, in establishing the minimum safe manning levels for ships flying their country’s flag, observe the principles set out in Annex 1 and the procedures set out in Annex 5 and take into account the guidelines set out in Annexes 2 and 3;
- URGES FURTHER Governments, when exercising port State control functions under international conventions in force with respect to foreign ships visiting their ports, to regard compliance with minimum safe manning documents as evidence that such ships are safely manned;
动词是RECOMMENDS和URGES。决议建议各国政府遵守原则，并敦促在港口国监督中把证书的遵守当作证据。签发证书的义务本身来自决议序言所引的SOLAS第V/14条。
各附件的职能不同。附件1是原则，附件2是决定因素，附件3是公司与主管机关的责任，附件4是证书的内容与格式，附件5是决定程序。下面各节按这个顺序进行。
核定配员时要看十二项因素
1.1 The minimum safe manning of a ship should be established taking into account all relevant factors, including the following: .1 size and type of ship; .2 number, size and type of main propulsion units and auxiliaries; .3 level of ship automation; .4 construction and equipment of the ship; .5 method of maintenance used; .6 cargo to be carried; .7 frequency of port calls, length and nature of voyages to be undertaken; .8 trading area(s), waters and operations in which the ship is involved; .9 extent to which training activities are conducted on board; .10 degree of shoreside support provided to the ship by the company; .11 applicable work hour limits and/or rest requirements; and .12 the provisions of the approved Ship’s Security Plan.
这是附件2的清单。船舶尺度和自动化程度这类附着于船本身的因素在前，靠港频率、航线、岸基支持程度这类附着于营运方式的因素在后。.11是工作时间限制和休息要求。休息时间不是配员定下之后才去遵守的规则，而是核定配员时的输入值。
同一附件第1.3段写明，除有限尺度的船舶外，应配足够的驾驶员以采用三班制，使船长不必值固定班。对轮机长也有同样的句子。第1.4段补充，要看应对高峰工作量所需的人数。
提议由公司拟定，公司要对六件事负责
1.1 The Administration may require the company responsible for the operation of the ship to prepare and submit its proposal for the minimum safe manning of a ship in accordance with a form specified by the Administration.
这是附件3的第一句。提议的主体是the company responsible for the operation of the ship。格式由主管机关规定。
公司在准备提议时要做的事，第1.2段列了六项。职责评估、落实值班适任规定和工时记录、人数与职位评估、提交提议、保证配员随时充足、发生变更时重新提议。其中提交一项规定了提议的内容。
.4 prepare and submit to the Administration a proposal for the minimum safe manning based upon the assessment of the numbers and grades/capacities in the ship’s complement required for its safe operation, for its security and for protection of the marine environment, justifying the proposal by explaining how the proposed ship’s complement will deal with emergency situations, including the evacuation of passengers, where necessary;
提议不是只填人数的表格。它带着justifying the proposal by explaining how the proposed ship's complement will deal with emergency situations。公司必须说明用这些人如何处置紧急情况。客船还包括旅客撤离。
附件5把这一说明的做法分成步骤。把营运职能拆成作业，对每项作业记下所需时间、频率、所需能力和重要程度，估算一个人在一个工作时段内能承担的作业数，再核对由此产生的工作量不超过休息时间的规定。
主管机关核查两件事之后才批准
2.1 A proposal for the minimum safe manning of a ship submitted by a company to the Administration should be evaluated by the Administration to ensure that: .1 the proposed ship’s complement contains the number and grades/capacities of personnel to fulfil the tasks, duties and responsibilities required for the safe operation of the ship, for its security, for protection of the marine environment and for dealing with emergency situations; and .2 the master, officers and other members of the ship’s complement are not required to work more hours than is safe in relation to the performance of their duties and the safety of the ship and that the requirements for work and rest hours, in accordance with applicable national regulations, can be complied with.
评估标准有两条。第一，人数和职位能否完成全部作业。第二，这些人能否满足工作与休息时间的要求。两个条件由and连接。作业都能完成但休息被打破的提议，过不了第二条。
主管机关不能批准提议时，按第2.3段要求修改。第2.4段写明，只有在确信配员符合决议的原则并在各方面都充分时，才批准并签发证书。批准之后证书也不是一成不变。
2.5 The Administration may withdraw the minimum safe manning document of a ship if the company fails to submit a new proposal for the ship’s minimum safe manning when changes in trading area(s), construction, machinery, equipment or operation and maintenance of the ship have taken place which affect the minimum safe manning.
2.6 The Administration should review and may withdraw, as appropriate, the minimum safe manning document of a ship which persistently fails to be in compliance with rest hours requirements.
撤销事由有两个。一个是发生了变更却没有提交新的提议。另一个是持续违反休息时间要求。休息时间记录既是海员个人的文件，同时也是那条船的配员证书得以维持的依据。
2.7 The Administration should consider the circumstances very carefully before allowing a minimum safe manning document to contain provisions for less than three qualified officers in charge of a navigational watch, while taking into account all the principles for establishing safe manning.
把航行值班驾驶员写成少于三名的证书，要另行审慎审查。这与附件2中三班制的句子方向一致。
证书载有五个事项并附英文译文
附件4列出证书至少应包含的五项信息。船舶识别信息、人数与职位的表、主管机关的正式声明、有效性的限制、签发日和到期日连同签字与印章。其中第三项是赋予证书效力的句子。
.3 a formal statement by the Administration that, in accordance with the principles and guidelines set out in Annexes 1 and 2, the ship named in the document is considered to be safely manned if, whenever it proceeds to sea, it carries not less than the number and grades/capacities of personnel shown in the document, subject to any special conditions stated therein;
条件是whenever it proceeds to sea。每次出海都必须配备不少于表中所列的人数和职位。这不是满足一次就了结的条件，而是每次离港都重新适用的条件。按subject to any special conditions，证书中写明的特别条件也要一并看。
| 证书事项 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 船舶识别信息 | 船名、船籍港、呼号、IMO编号、总吨位、主推进功率、船型、航行区域、机舱是否无人值守、ISM规则意义上的公司 |
| 人员表 | 职位（grade/capacity）、对应的STCW规则、人数、特别条件 |
| 正式声明 | 主管机关声明：配备不少于表中人员出海即视为安全配员 |
| 有效性的限制 | 因该船的具体特点和营运性质而设的限制 |
| 签发与到期 | 签发日、到期日（如有）、主管机关的签字和印章 |
2 It is recommended that the minimum safe manning document be drawn up in the form corresponding to the model given in the appendix to this Annex. If the language used is not English, the information given should include a translation into English.
附录的格式把人员表分成三列。职位、该职位对应的STCW规则、人数。证书的语言不是英文时，要附英文译文。因为这是港口国监督检查官要读的文件。
发生变更时由公司提交新的提议
.6 prepare and submit to the Administration a new proposal for the minimum safe manning of a ship in the case of changes in trading area(s), construction, machinery, equipment, operation and maintenance or management of the ship, which may affect the safe manning.
这是附件3第1.2段的最后一项。航行区域、结构、机械、设备、营运与维护方式、管理主体发生变化时，要提交新的提议。条件是which may affect the safe manning。只要是可能影响配员的变更就够了。附件5第3节同样要求公司把这类变更告知主管机关并提交新的提议。
前面看到的第2.5段是这项义务的反面。发生了变更却没有新的提议，主管机关可以撤销证书。附件5第4节补充，主管机关应定期复查配员安排。在公司一侧，船舶管理公司更换或航行区域扩大的时点，就是提交新提议的时点。
需要确认的事
本文涵盖决议A.1047(27)的正文和附件1至附件5。决议是建议，各主管机关可依第1.2段设置适应技术发展和特殊船型的不同安排。该船船旗国使用的提议格式、批准程序和证书的有效期，要在船旗国的规定中确认。
证书的人员表要与STCW规则编号一起读。持有表中职位所需证书的人是否确实在那个岗位上，是港口国监督比对的要点。人数相符但职位证书不符，并没有满足证书的条件。
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最低安全配员证书以表格规定职位和人数。Bellbook把那张表登记为每条船的配员定额，并与根据船员名单和上下船记录统计出的实际在船人员并排显示。
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