机器处所油性混合物排放得以打开的条件,以及在特殊区域和南极被关闭的条件(MARPOL附则I第15条)

MARPOL附则I第15条规定了机器处所产生的油类和油性混合物可以排入海中的条件。出发点是禁止。只有所有条件同时成立,排放才打开;视海域不同,条件会再加一项,或者干脆关闭。
把这一条记成15 ppm就错了。15 ppm只是五项条件之一。船停着不动、混合物没有经过滤油设备、或者来自油船货泵舱的舱底水,哪怕守住了15 ppm,也是违规。
本文把第15条的条件按海域一层层叠起来看,再追到第4条的例外,以及排不出去的残余物该去哪里。
出发点是禁止,排放只作为例外打开
1 Subject to the provisions of regulation 4 of this annex and paragraphs 2, 3, and 6 of this regulation, any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships shall be prohibited.
句子的主体是shall be prohibited。前面的但书打开例外:第4条(例外)、第15条第2款(特殊区域外)、第3款(特殊区域内)、第6款(400总吨以下)。不属于这四项的排放一律禁止。
油性混合物的定义在第1.3条:a mixture with any oil content。不论含油量多少,只要含油就是油性混合物。所以舱底水从一开始就在这一条之内。
在特殊区域外,五项条件必须全部满足
2 Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships of 400 gross tonnage and above shall be prohibited except when all the following conditions are satisfied: .1 the ship is proceeding en route; .2 the oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipment meeting the requirements of regulation 14 of this Annex; .3 the oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 parts per million; .4 the oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers; and .5 the oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residues.
是all the following conditions。缺一项,排放就关闭。
第一是在航。锚泊或漂航中的排放不打开。第二是经过第14条的滤油设备。第三是without dilution下的15 ppm。靠掺水降低浓度的办法,条文事先就堵住了。第四和第五只对油船适用。货泵舱舱底水,以及混有货油残余物的混合物,不能按本条排放。
在特殊区域内,同样五项条件再加一项设备要求
3 Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships of 400 gross tonnage and above shall be prohibited except when all of the following conditions are satisfied: .2 the oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipment meeting the requirements of regulation 14.7 of this Annex;
第3款的五项条件与第2款位置相同、顺序相同。不同的只有第二项。区域外是第14条,区域内是第14.7条。
7 Oil filtering equipment referred to in paragraph 2 of this regulation shall comply with paragraph 6 of this regulation. In addition, it shall be provided with alarm arrangement to indicate when this level cannot be maintained. The system shall also be provided with arrangements to ensure that any discharge of oily mixtures is automatically stopped when the oil content of the effluent exceeds 15 parts per million.
第14.7条的设备带有报警和自动停止。超过15 ppm时,不等人去关阀,设备自己就停止排放。特殊区域内的排放,只有经过这种设备才打开。
| 条件 | 特殊区域外(15.2) | 特殊区域内(15.3) |
|---|---|---|
| 在航 | 需要 | 需要 |
| 滤油设备 | 第14条 | 第14.7条(报警·自动停止) |
| 不稀释且不超过15 ppm | 需要 | 需要 |
| 不来自油船货泵舱舱底 | 需要 | 需要 |
| 未混有油船货油残余物 | 需要 | 需要 |
哪些地方是特殊区域,由第1.11条规定。本版本列出地中海、波罗的海、黑海、红海、海湾区域、亚丁湾、南极、西北欧水域和阿曼海域。名单会随修正案增加。
在南极,任何船都不能排放
4 In respect of the Antarctic area, any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from any ship shall be prohibited.
没有条件。是any ship,也是any discharge。没有吨位门槛,也没有设备要求。南极区域的定义在第1.11.7条。
5 Nothing in this regulation shall prohibit a ship on a voyage only part of which is in a special area from discharging outside a special area in accordance with paragraphs 2 of this regulation.
航次只有一部分在特殊区域内的船,可以在区域外按第2款的条件排放。条件在区域边界上切换。所以排放开始和结束的位置必须留在记录里。
400总吨以下的船适用另一句话
6 In the case of a ship of less than 400 gross tonnage, oil and all oily mixtures shall either be retained on board for subsequent discharge to reception facilities or discharged into the sea in accordance with the following provisions : .1 the ship is proceeding en route; .2 the ship has in operation equipment of a design approved by the Administration that ensures that the oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 parts per million;
小船有两个选择。留在船上送往接收设施,或者满足条件后排放。条件减到四项。不再要求滤油设备,而是正在运转一台主管机关认可设计的设备即可。在航、15 ppm和两项油船限制保持不变。这一节的标题是南极以外的所有区域,所以在南极,小船同样落入第4款。
第4条只有三项例外,船舶受损还附带两个条件
Regulations 15 and 34 of this Annex shall not apply to: .1 the discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of a ship or saving life at sea; or .2 the discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture resulting from damage to a ship or its equipment: .1 provided that all reasonable precautions have been taken after the occurrence of the damage or discovery of the discharge for the purpose of preventing or minimizing the discharge; and .2 except if the owner or the master acted either with intent to cause damage, or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result; or
第一项是为保障船舶安全或海上救生所必需的排放。第二项是因船舶受损造成的排放。受损附带两个条件。受损之后必须已采取一切合理预防措施来防止或减少排放,并且船东或船长不得是故意或鲁莽地造成损坏。第三项是使用主管机关认可的含油物质来对付污染事件。
按例外排放的,仍要记入油类记录簿。第17.3条要求写明情况和原因。
排不出去的,留在船上送往接收设施
9 The oil residues which cannot be discharged into the sea in compliance with this regulation shall be retained on board for subsequent discharge to reception facilities.
达不到条件的残余物只有一个去处。留在船上,送往接收设施。第8款堵住规避。排放物中不得含有为了绕开排放条件而加入的化学品或其他物质。
7 Whenever visible traces of oil are observed on or below the surface of the water in the immediate vicinity of a ship or its wake, Governments of Parties to the present Convention should, to the extent they are reasonably able to do so, promptly investigate the facts bearing on the issue of whether there has been a violation of the provisions of this regulation.
船舶附近或航迹上出现油迹时,缔约国政府进行调查。条文也写了调查内容:风和海况、船的航迹和航速、附近其他可能的来源,以及排油记录。船能拿出来的是后两项。航迹和航速来自航行记录,排油记录来自油类记录簿。
需要确认的事
上面的引文取自以MEPC.117(52)决议通过的修订附则I第1、4、14、15条。其后MEPC.265(68)决议在纳入极地规则时,在第15条A节标题加上了except in Arctic waters,在C节标题加上了and Arctic waters。第4条的引语中也加入了极地规则第II-A部分第1.1.1款。北极水域的排放条件由极地规则规定,本文未涉及。
哪种吨位的船配备哪种滤油设备,由第14.1条和第14.2条规定。分界是10,000总吨,但本文未展开。特殊区域的名单和边界会随修正案变化,须在现行综合文本中核对。
可以直接查阅所引用的原文
以下链接指向本文所述文件的官方发布机构。请核对文中注明的版本与条款,并在实际适用前确认后续修订及船旗国的实施要求。
可以继续查阅相关业务说明
第15条下的调查会把船的航迹、航速和排放记录放在一起看。Bellbook把Noon report和进出港报告连同日期、位置、航速一起收下,排放时刻船在哪里、以什么航速在航,随时可以调出来。
免费开始使用