极地水域航行船舶驾驶员培训的基本·高级对象与2018年生效后的过渡安排（STCW规则V/4）
STCW规则V/4规定极地水域航行船舶驾驶员的培训。适用区域是SOLAS第XIV章定义的北极水域和南极区域，适用船舶是在该区域航行的船。它不是全球统一的义务。不进入极地水域的船，这条规则不适用。
这条规则立在三个日期上。极地规则生效的日子、STCW修正案生效的日子、过渡安排结束的日子。还有两条职务线。基本证书向下到值班驾驶员，高级证书只到船长和大副。把日期和职务混着读，靠过渡安排上船的人会从某一天起处于无证状态。
规则V/4由2016年11月通过的MSC.416(97)新增，同一天MSC.417(97)新增了规则A-V/4。两项决议于2018年7月1日生效。
极地水域的范围由SOLAS第XIV章而不是STCW来定
MSC.416(97)在规则I/1的定义里加了两项。
.42 Polar Code means the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters, as defined in SOLAS regulation XIV/1.1.
.43 Polar waters means Arctic waters and/or the Antarctic area, as defined in SOLAS regulations XIV/1.2 to XIV/1.4.
STCW不自己定义极地水域。它用as defined in SOLAS regulations XIV/1.2 to XIV/1.4把问题交出去。从哪个纬度起算极地水域、哪些航线被覆盖，要看SOLAS那边的条文。本文不涉及这个定义。
| 日期 | 发生什么 | 依据 |
|---|---|---|
| 2017年1月1日 | 极地规则随SOLAS第XIV章生效而生效 | MSC.416(97)序言 |
| 2018年7月1日 | 规则V/4和A-V/4生效 | MSC.416(97)·MSC.417(97)正文 |
| 2020年7月1日 | 过渡安排结束 | 规则V/4第6款·第7款 |
第一个和第二个日期之间有1年6个月的空档。MSC.416(97)的序言知道这个空档。它写明在极地规则生效到STCW修正案生效的过渡期内，主管机关应适用规则B-V/g的导则。决议正文第4款敦促缔约国提前实施规则V/4，第5款请缔约国承认其他缔约国提前签发的证书。
基本证书向下到值班驾驶员
1 Masters, chief mates and officers in charge of a navigational watch on ships operating in polar waters shall hold a certificate in basic training for ships operating in polar waters, as required by the Polar Code.
2 Every candidate for a certificate in basic training for ships operating in polar waters shall have completed an approved basic training for ships operating in polar waters and meet the standard of competence specified in section A-V/4, paragraph 1, of the STCW Code.
对象有三类。船长、大副、负责航行值班的高级船员。轮机员和普通船员不在这条条文里。规则V/4的标题也写着masters and deck officers。极地培训是甲板部高级船员的资格。
取得路径只有一条。完成经认可的基本培训并满足A-V/4第1款的能力标准。没有像液货船基本证书那样用海上资历顶替课程的分支。条文末尾的as required by the Polar Code把谁必须持证的依据放在极地规则里，STCW则规定这份证书的要求。
高级证书只到船长和大副，并要求2个月资历
3 Masters and chief mates on ships operating in polar waters, shall hold a certificate in advanced training for ships operating in polar waters, as required by the Polar Code.
4 Every candidate for a certificate in advanced training for ships operating in polar waters shall: .1 meet the requirements for certification in basic training for ships in polar waters; .2 have at least two (2) months of approved seagoing service in the deck department, at management level or while performing watchkeeping duties at the operational level, within polar waters or other equivalent approved seagoing service; and .3 have completed approved advanced training for ships operating in polar waters and meet the standard of competence specified in section A-V/4, paragraph 2 of the STCW Code.
高级的对象有两类。船长和大副。值班驾驶员不需要高级证书。要求有三块。基本证书的要求、经认可的海上资历2个月以上、经认可的高级培训和A-V/4第2款的能力标准。三块都要。
资历这一块的条件值得看一下。在甲板部，以管理级或者在操作级履行值班职责的身份，在极地水域内取得的资历。二副在极地水域值班上了2个月，这段资历就算数。句末挂着or other equivalent approved seagoing service。什么算同等资历，由主管机关定。
| 证书 | 对象 | 要求 | 能力标准 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 基本 | 船长、大副、值班驾驶员 | 经认可的基本培训 | A-V/4第1款 |
| 高级 | 船长、大副 | 基本要求、极地水域海上资历2个月以上、经认可的高级培训 | A-V/4第2款 |
A-V/4第1款和第2款分别指向表A-V/4-1和表A-V/4-2。结构是展示履行第1栏任务的能力，并按第2栏的知识和第3、4栏的评价方法和标准提供已达到能力标准的证据。
5 Administrations shall ensure that a Certificate of Proficiency is issued to seafarers who are qualified in accordance with paragraphs 2 or 4, as appropriate.
证书形式是Certificate of Proficiency。在已有适任证书上加签证的选项，这条条文里没有。
过渡安排到2020年7月1日为止沿两条路开放
6 Until 1 July 2020, seafarers who commenced approved seagoing service in polar waters prior to 1 July 2018 shall be able to establish that they meet the requirements of paragraph 2 by: .1 having completed approved seagoing service on board a ship operating in polar waters or equivalent approved seagoing service, performing duties in the deck department at the operational or management level, for a period of at least three months in total during the preceding five years; or .2 having successfully completed a training course meeting the training guidance established by the Organization for ships operating in polar waters.
7 Until 1 July 2020, seafarers who commenced approved seagoing service in polar waters prior to 1 July 2018 shall be able to establish that they meet the requirements of paragraph 4 by: .1 having completed approved seagoing service on board a ship operating in polar waters or equivalent approved seagoing service, performing duties in the deck department at management level, for a period of at least three months in total during the preceding five years; or .2 having successfully completed a training course meeting the training guidance established by the Organization for ships operating in polar waters and having completed approved seagoing service on board a ship operating in polar waters or equivalent approved seagoing service, performing duties in the deck department at the management level, for a period of at least two months in total during the preceding five years.
过渡安排的入口只有一个。在生效日之前就在极地水域开始经认可海上资历的人。生效日之后才第一次进入极地水域的人，这两款不对他开放。
过了入口，基本和高级各有两条路。基本是过去五年内3个月的极地水域资历，或者完成符合IMO培训导则的课程。高级是管理级3个月，或者课程加管理级2个月资历。基本这边的资历操作级也可以，高级这边的资历收窄到at management level。
这两款写的都是Until 1 July 2020。那天之后不能再用过渡安排证明资格，回到第2款和第4款的正规要求。按过渡安排取得证书的人，要确认那份证书是不是按正规要求签发的。
五年维持由规则I/11第4款和A-I/11第4款另行规定
MSC.416(97)在规则I/11里插入了第4款。
4 Every master or officer shall, for continuing seagoing service on board ships operating in polar waters, meet the requirements of paragraph 1 of this regulation and be required, at intervals not exceeding five years, to establish continued professional competence for ships operating in polar waters in accordance with section A-I/11, paragraph 4 of the STCW Code.
在规则I/11第1款的一般再有效之外，极地水域的持续专业能力要以不超过五年的间隔另行证明。两者不重叠。适任证书再有效办完了，极地这边的证明还单独留着。
4 Continued professional competence for masters and officers on board ships operating in polar waters, as required under regulation I/11, shall be established by: .1 approved seagoing service, performing functions appropriate to the certificate held, for a period of at least two months in total during the preceding five years; or .2 having performed functions considered to be equivalent to the seagoing service required in paragraph 4.1; or .3 passing an approved test; or .4 successfully completing an approved training course or courses.
证明办法有四种。过去五年内累计2个月以上经认可的海上资历、被视为与第4.1款资历同等的职能履行、通过经认可的考试、完成经认可的培训课程。四选一即可。资历这一块写的是in total，不必一次上满2个月，五年内合计2个月就行。
需要确认的事
上面的引文取自MSC.416(97)新增的规则V/4和对规则I/1、I/11的修正，以及MSC.417(97)新增的A-V/4和A-I/11第4款。本文只涉及这两项决议的正文。
极地水域的定义和哪些船适用极地规则是SOLAS第XIV章的问题。表A-V/4-1和A-V/4-2的能力项目没有收录。同等海上资历的认可、课程的认可、过渡期内签发证书的处理，由主管机关决定。
可以直接查阅所引用的原文
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可以继续查阅相关业务说明
极地资格的五年维持，靠过去五年内在哪条船上、上了多久来证明。Bellbook在人事记录卡上保存培训合格证和到期日，用上下船记录留住每条船上的在船期间。
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