生活污水排放条件与国际防止生活污水污染证书的检验·有效期（MARPOL附则IV规则2、4、8、11）
MARPOL附则IV从两条线来读。一条是证书。哪些船要取得国际防止生活污水污染证书（ISPP），检验有哪几种，有效期怎么算。另一条是排放。生活污水可以排入海中的距离、航速和设备条件。
正文是2005年8月1日生效的决议MEPC.115(51)修订后的附则IV。作为排放条件的规则11，由2013年1月1日生效的MEPC.200(62)整条替换。本文按替换后的规则11来读。
同一决议把波罗的海指定为特殊区域。该条款只针对特殊区域内的客船，不是全球统一的义务。其他船在任何海域都遵守规则11.1。
适用对象是从事国际航行的船，门槛是400总吨或超过15人
1 The provisions of this Annex shall apply to the following ships engaged in international voyages: .1 new ships of 400 gross tonnage and above; and .2 new ships of less than 400 gross tonnage which are certified to carry more than 15 persons; and .3 existing ships of 400 gross tonnage and above, five years after the date of entry into force of this Annex; and .4 existing ships of less than 400 gross tonnage which are certified to carry more than 15 persons, five years after the date of entry into force of this Annex.
前面先有一个条件。必须是从事国际航行的船。规则1.6把国际航行定义为从公约适用国驶往该国以外港口的航行。然后才是400总吨，或核定载员超过15人。附则V的管理计划写的是15 or more，这里写的是more than 15。核定载员15人的船适用附则V的管理计划，却不适用附则IV。
规则1.7的Person是船员和乘客合计的人数。现有船的5年宽限以2005年的生效日为准，早已过去。
证书建立在初次、换证、附加三种检验之上
.1 An initial survey before the ship is put in service or before the Certificate required under regulation 5 of this Annex is issued for the first time, which shall include a complete survey of its structure, equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and material in so far as the ship is covered by this Annex. This survey shall be such as to ensure that the structure, equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and material fully comply with the applicable requirements of this Annex. .2 A renewal survey at intervals specified by the Administration, but not exceeding five years, except where regulation 8.2, 8.5, 8.6 or 8.7 of this Annex is applicable. The renewal survey shall be such as to ensure that the structure, equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and material fully comply with applicable requirements of this Annex. .3 An additional survey either general or partial, according to the circumstances, shall be made after a repair resulting from investigations prescribed in paragraph 4 of this regulation, or whenever any important repairs or renewals are made. The survey shall be such as to ensure that the necessary repairs or renewals have been effectively made, that the material and workmanship of such repairs or renewals are in all respects satisfactory and that the ship complies in all respects with the requirements of this Annex.
与附则VI的IAPP证书不同，这里没有年度检验和中间检验。检验只有三种。投入营运前或首次签发证书前的初次检验、按主管机关规定间隔进行的换证检验，以及修理或更换之后的附加检验。换证间隔的上限是5年。
检验由主管机关的官员进行，但可以委托指定的验船师或认可组织（规则4.3）。检验完成后，未经主管机关批准不得改动检验所涉的结构或设备，只有同类设备的直接更换是例外（规则4.8）。发生事故或发现缺陷时，船长或船东应立即向负责签发证书的一方报告（规则4.9）。
有效期以5年为上限，换证检验的时机决定起算日
1 An International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate shall be issued for a period specified by the Administration which shall not exceed five years. 2.1 Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph 1 of this regulation, when the renewal survey is completed within three months before the expiry date of the existing Certificate, the new Certificate shall be valid from the date of completion of the renewal survey to a date not exceeding five years from the date of expiry of the existing Certificate. .2 When the renewal survey is completed after the expiry date of the existing Certificate, the new Certificate shall be valid from the date of completion of the renewal survey to a date not exceeding five years from the date of expiry of the existing Certificate. .3 When the renewal survey is completed more than three months before the expiry date of the existing Certificate, the new Certificate shall be valid from the date of completion of the renewal survey to a date not exceeding five years from the date of completion of the renewal survey.
三种情形的差别在于新证书的5年从哪里起算。在到期前3个月内完成换证检验，从原到期日起算5年。到期后完成，也从原到期日起算5年。比到期日提前3个月以上完成，则从检验完成日起算5年，等于损失了那一段期限。
| 换证检验完成时机 | 新证书生效起点 | 新到期日的上限 |
|---|---|---|
| 到期前3个月内 | 检验完成日 | 原到期日 + 5年 |
| 到期后 | 检验完成日 | 原到期日 + 5年 |
| 比到期提前3个月以上 | 检验完成日 | 检验完成日 + 5年 |
展期有三条路。换证检验已完成但新证书无法放到船上时，可在原证书上签注，自到期日起最多认可5个月（8.4）。船不在应接受检验的港口时，可以只为驶往该港的目的展期最多3个月，到港后没有新证书不得离港（8.5）。从事短途航行的船可有最多1个月的宽限（8.6）。无论哪种情形，新证书的5年都从展期前的到期日起算。
8 A Certificate issued under regulation 5 or 6 of this Annex shall cease to be valid in either of the following cases: .1 if the relevant surveys are not completed within the periods specified under regulation 4.1 of this Annex; or .2 upon transfer of the ship to the flag of another State. A new Certificate shall only be issued when the Government issuing the new Certificate is fully satisfied that the ship is in compliance with the requirements of regulations 4.7 and 4.8 of this Annex. In the case of a transfer between Parties, if requested within 3 months after the transfer has taken place, the Government of the Party whose flag the ship was formerly entitled to fly shall, as soon as possible, transmit to the Administration copies of the Certificate carried by the ship before the transfer and, if available, copies of the relevant survey reports.
失效事由有两项。未在规定期限内完成检验，以及改换船旗。改旗后的新证书，只有在新船旗国确认满足规则4.7和4.8之后才签发。原船旗国应要求把旧证书和检验报告的副本送去。
设备是处理装置、粉碎消毒系统、集污舱三者之一
1 Every ship which, in accordance with regulation 2, is required to comply with the provisions of this Annex shall be equipped with one of the following sewage systems: .1 a sewage treatment plant which shall be of a type approved by the Administration, taking into account the standards and test methods developed by the Organization, or .2 a sewage comminuting and disinfecting system approved by the Administration. Such system shall be fitted with facilities to the satisfaction of the Administration, for the temporary storage of sewage when the ship is less than 3 nautical miles from the nearest land, or .3 a holding tank of the capacity to the satisfaction of the Administration for the retention of all sewage, having regard to the operation of the ship, the number of persons on board and other relevant factors. The holding tank shall be constructed to the satisfaction of the Administration and shall have a means to indicate visually the amount of its contents.
装了哪种设备，决定下面的排放条件中可以用哪一行。粉碎消毒系统要配有在3海里内使用的临时储存设施才能获得认可。集污舱的容量要与营运方式和在船人数相称，并要有目视检查舱内存量的手段。规则10规定与接收设施管路连接的标准排放接头的法兰尺寸。
排放条件由MEPC.200(62)改写后的规则11规定
1 Subject to the provisions of regulation 3 of this Annex, the discharge of sewage into the sea is prohibited, except when: .1 the ship is discharging comminuted and disinfected sewage using a system approved by the Administration in accordance with regulation 9.1.2 of this Annex at a distance of more than 3 nautical miles from the nearest land, or sewage which is not comminuted or disinfected at a distance of more than 12 nautical miles from the nearest land, provided that, in any case, the sewage that has been stored in holding tanks, or sewage originating from spaces containing living animals, shall not be discharged instantaneously but at a moderate rate when the ship is en route and proceeding at not less than 4 knots; the rate of discharge shall be approved by the Administration based upon standards developed by the Organization; or .2 the ship has in operation an approved sewage treatment plant which has been certified by the Administration to meet the operational requirements referred to in regulation 9.1.1 of this Annex, and the effluent shall not produce visible floating solids nor cause discoloration of the surrounding water.
有三条路。经粉碎和消毒的生活污水在3海里以外，未经处理的在12海里以外。两者只要是集污舱储存的污水或载有活体动物处所的污水，就不得一次性排出。要在航行中以不低于4节的航速，按主管机关认可的速率排放。经认可的处理装置运行中则没有距离条件，但排出水不得产生可见漂浮固体，也不得使周围水体变色。
与2005年的正文相比，有两处变化。载有活体动物处所的污水被纳入了与集污舱污水相同的排放速率条件。处理装置一侧，要求把试验结果载入证书的子项被删去，只留下排出水条件。规则11.2允许沿海国在其管辖水域设定较宽松的要求时，船在该水域按该要求排放。
在特殊区域内只有客船走另一条线
3 Subject to the provisions of regulation 3 of this Annex, the discharge of sewage from a passenger ship within a special area shall be prohibited: a) for new passenger ships on, or after 1 January 2016, subject to paragraph 2 of regulation 12bis; and b) for existing passenger ships on, or after 1 January 2018, subject to paragraph 2 of regulation 12bis, except when the following conditions are satisfied: the ship has in operation an approved sewage treatment plant which has been certified by the Administration to meet the operational requirements referred to in regulation 9.2.1 of this Annex, and the effluent shall not produce visible floating solids nor cause discoloration of the surrounding water.
MEPC.200(62)在规则1中加入特殊区域的定义（5bis），并把波罗的海定为第一个特殊区域。客船是载客超过12人的船（7ter）。特殊区域内的客船，不运行规则9.2.1的处理装置就不得排放生活污水。粉碎消毒和12海里外排放这两条路都被关上。
条文中的两个日期都附有subject to paragraph 2 of regulation 12bis。
2 The Government of each Party concerned shall notify the Organization of the measures taken pursuant to paragraph 1 of this regulation. Upon receipt of sufficient notifications in accordance with paragraph 1 of this regulation, the Organization shall establish a date from which the requirements of regulation 11.3 in respect of the area in question shall take effect. The Organization shall notify all Parties of the date so established no less than 12 months in advance of that date. Until the date so established, ships while navigating in the special area shall comply with the requirements of regulation 11.1 of this Annex.
也就是说，规则11.3实际的生效日期，由本组织在收到沿岸缔约国关于接收设施的通知后另行确定。在那一天之前，即使在特殊区域内也遵守规则11.1。本文只涵盖决议MEPC.200(62)的正文。波罗的海实际确定的日期，要在其后的决议中核实。
需要确认的事
规则3的例外（保障安全、因损坏造成的排放）只针对规则11，与证书要求无关。规则11.4规定，生活污水与其他附则所涉废物混合时，还须同时遵守那些附则的要求。MEPC.200(62)也在证书格式中增加了填写船舶类型和处理装置认证标准的栏目。处理装置的排出水标准本身由本组织的另行决议规定，不在本文范围内。
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