海员·劳务

STCW保安资格的三个层次与适用对象（规则VI/5·VI/6）

2026-08-11

假设有三个人上一条适用ISPS规则的散货船。一名甲板普通船员、一名厨师，还有被指定为船舶保安员（SSO）的大副。三个人上船前要具备的保安资格并不一样。

STCW规则VI/5和规则VI/6用层次来回答这个问题。层次有三个：没有指定保安职责的海员的保安意识、承担指定保安职责的海员，以及SSO。在这三层之前，还有一项不分层次、人人都要的熟悉培训。分层靠的不是职务。那条船是不是ISPS规则的适用船、有没有给这个人指定保安职责、这个人是不是SSO，这三问依次构成分岔口。

熟悉培训覆盖除旅客以外的全部在船人员

1 Before being assigned to shipboard duties, all persons employed or engaged on a seagoing ship which is required to comply with the provisions of the ISPS Code, other than passengers, shall receive approved security-related familiarization training, taking account of the guidance given in part B, to be able to: .1 report a security incident, including a piracy or armed robbery threat or attack; .2 know the procedures to follow when they recognize a security threat; and .3 take part in security-related emergency and contingency procedures.

对象是all persons employed or engaged。条文没有用海员这个词，排除在外的只有旅客。不算在定员里的人，只要在那条船上干活，也落在里面。时点也写在条文里： Before being assigned to shipboard duties，也就是分派船上工作之前。

对承担指定保安职责的海员，第2款又加了一道，就其被指定的职责和责任再做一次熟悉培训。而且实施的主体在船上。

3 The security-related familiarization training shall be conducted by the ship security officer or an equally qualified person.

由SSO或者具备同等资格的人来做。所以这项培训没有附带发证的规定。规则VI/6提到证书的地方只有两处：保安意识和指定保安职责。

没有指定保安职责的海员止步于保安意识

4 Seafarers employed or engaged in any capacity on board a ship which is required to comply with the provisions of the ISPS Code on the business of that ship as part of the ship’s complement without designated security duties shall, before being assigned to any shipboard duties: .1 receive appropriate approved training or instruction in security awareness as set out in table A-VI/6-1;

条件是三重的。船要适用ISPS规则，人要以该船业务为目的、作为定员的一员在船，而且没有指定保安职责。第三个条件是这一层的天花板。只要指定了一项职责，这名海员就从这一层出去了。证书由规则 VI/6第2款来定。

2 Where security awareness is not included in the qualification for the certificate to be issued, a certificate of proficiency shall be issued indicating that the holder has attended a course in security awareness training.

保安意识如果已经包含在所要签发证书的资格要求里，就不另外签发。没有包含，就单独出一份 certificate of proficiency。同一层里的两名海员，手上的文书可能看着不一样。不一样的是文书，不是要求的水准。

一旦指定职责，同样的项目前面就少了基本二字

4 Seafarers with designated security duties shall meet the standard of competence specified in section A-VI/6, paragraphs 6 to 8 of the STCW Code.

标准只挪了一张表的距离。挪过去那张表的项目没怎么变，变的是项目前面的那个词。保安意识表里每一个知识项目都以Basic开头：保安术语和定义、保安等级、报告程序、应急计划、武器与危险品的识别，全都如此。指定保安职责表里，同样的项目没有那个词。

层次	表	表要求的行为
保安意识	`table A-VI/6-1`	`Contribute to the enhancement of maritime security through heightened awareness`
指定保安职责	`table A-VI/6-2`	`Maintain the conditions set out in a ship security plan`
SSO	`table A-VI/5`	`Maintain and supervise the implementation of a ship security plan`

三个动词。意识是贡献，被指定职责的海员是保持计划所定的状态，SSO是监督这份保持。设备那一项把差别摆得很清楚。指定保安职责表要求的是 the need for testing, calibrating, and maintaining。SSO表要求的是 the methods for testing, calibrating, and maintaining。

发证的结构和保安意识一样。规则VI/6第5款把同一句话对指定保安职责又写了一遍。

只有SSO要在培训之上再加海上服务资历和实操演示

1 Every candidate for a certificate of proficiency as ship security officer shall: .1 have approved seagoing service of not less than 12 months or appropriate seagoing service and knowledge of ship operations;

三层当中要求海上服务资历的只有这一层。而且资历要求分成两支。一支是12个月以上经认可的海上服务资历。另一支是适当的海上服务资历加上船舶操作知识，这一支没有写期限。第2款把资格的认定和证书的签发交给主管机关，所以这不是公司拿内部标准替着判的地方。

评估方式上也有一处只有SSO不同：表A-VI/5里保安风险、威胁和脆弱性评估那一项。

Assessment of evidence obtained from approved training, or approved experience and examination, including practical demonstration of competence to: .1 conduct physical searches .2 conduct non-intrusive inspections

人身搜查和非侵入式检查要实际做给人看。指定保安职责表里同一个位置写的是 Knowledge of the methods for physical searches and non-intrusive inspections。评估依据的是从经认可的教学或者参加经认可课程当中取得的证据。

靠资历顶替的路在2014年关上了

5 Until 1 January 2014, seafarers who commenced an approved seagoing service prior to the date of entry into force of this section shall be able to establish that they meet the requirements of paragraph 4 by: .1 approved seagoing service as shipboard personnel, for a period of at least six months in total during the preceding three years; or .2 having performed security functions considered to be equivalent to the seagoing service required in paragraph 5.1; or .3 passing an approved test; or .4 successfully completing approved training.

在本节生效之前就开始经认可海上服务资历的海员，当时有四条路可走。对指定保安职责，第9款也摆了同样的四条路、同样的期限。期限是2014年1月1日。现在四条都关上了，剩下的只有经认可的教学和经认可的课程。

有一样没有关上。

3 Every Party shall compare the security-related training or instruction it requires of seafarers who hold or can document qualifications before the entry into force of this regulation with those specified in section A-VI/6, paragraph 4 of the STCW Code, and shall determine the need for requiring these seafarers to update their qualifications.

生效之前就持有资格的海员怎么看待，由缔约国拿本国要求同A-VI/6对照来定。判断的主体是缔约国，所以资历相同的两名海员，船旗国不同，更新要求也会不同。