港口国监督依STCW能做的三件事与滞留的唯一依据（STCW规则I/4·A-I/4）
港口国监督官依据STCW上船能做什么，由公约第X条和规则I/4规定。规则I/4的第一个关键词是limited。它不是一条罗列监督官能做什么的条文，而是把监督限定为三件事的条文。规则A-I/4再把其中第三件，也就是能力评估，进一步收窄。
把这个结构倒过来读，会错两处。以为监督官的能力评估要求必须一律服从，就漏掉了没有明显依据的评估可以拒绝这一点。反过来以为只看证书和配员，就漏掉了碰撞或非法排放之后值班人员可能被要求演示能力这一点。
本文按条文顺序读STCW/CONF.2/33的规则I/4和STCW/CONF.2/34的A-I/4。
监督限定为三件事，前两件是文件核对
1 Control exercised by a duly authorized control officer under article X shall be limited to the following: .1 verification in accordance with article X(1) that all seafarers serving on board who are required to be certificated in accordance with the Convention hold an appropriate certificate or a valid dispensation, or provide documentary proof that an application for an endorsement has been submitted to the Administration in accordance with regulation I/10, paragraph 5; .2 verification that the numbers and certificates of the seafarers serving on board are in conformity with the applicable safe manning requirements of the Administration; and
第一件是核查证书。对象是按公约需要持证的全体海员。监督官接受的文件有三种。适当的证书、有效的免除，以及按规则I/10第5款已向主管机关提交签证申请的书面证明。持外国证书的高级船员在等签证期间在船服务的，那份申请证明代替签证。
第二件是核对配员。看在船人员的人数和证书是否符合主管机关的安全配员要求。尺度是safe manning requirements of the Administration。港口国不是按自己的标准定配员，而是对照船旗国给这条船定的文件来看。
两件都是文件核对。证书原件、免除、签证申请证明、安全配员文件摆在一处，这两项就在当场结束。
第三件能力评估只在有明显依据时才开启
.3 assessment, in accordance with section A-I/4 of the STCW Code, of the ability of the seafarers of the ship to maintain watchkeeping and security standards, as appropriate, as required by the Convention if there are clear grounds for believing that such standards are not being maintained because any of the following have occurred: .3.1 the ship has been involved in a collision, grounding or stranding, or .3.2 there has been a discharge of substances from the ship when under way, at anchor or at berth which is illegal under any international convention, or .3.3 the ship has been manoeuvred in an erratic or unsafe manner whereby routeing measures adopted by the Organization or safe navigation practices and procedures have not been followed, or .3.4 the ship is otherwise being operated in such a manner as to pose a danger to persons, property, the environment, or a compromise to security.
第三件是评估。看海员有没有能力维持值班和保安标准。但带条件。if there are clear grounds。而且明显依据不是随便什么情况，必须是因为下列四件事之一已经发生。
| 事由 | 发生了什么 |
|---|---|
| .3.1 | 碰撞、搁浅、触底 |
| .3.2 | 在航行、锚泊或靠泊中的排放，且依国际公约属非法 |
| .3.3 | 不遵守IMO通过的航路措施或安全航行惯例·程序的不规则或不安全操纵 |
| .3.4 | 其他以危及人员、财产、环境或损害保安的方式运营 |
前三项是事件。有没有碰撞、有没有排放、操纵得怎样，都能作为事实查实。只有第四项是开放的。otherwise being operated in such a manner抓的是没有具体事件、但运营方式本身就危险的情形。用这项事由时，监督官得说得出哪种运营方式造成了哪种危险。
证书本身有缺陷，不属于这四项。证书缺陷是第1款第.1项的问题，归到第2款的缺陷清单。通向能力评估的门，只有这四项事由能开。
评估是对与该事件相关技能的核实，并从核查证书开始
1 The assessment procedure provided for in regulation I/4, paragraph 1.3, resulting from any of the occurrences mentioned therein shall take the form of a verification that members of the crew who are required to be competent do in fact possess the necessary skills related to the occurrence.
2 It shall be borne in mind when making this assessment that onboard procedures are relevant to the International Safety Management (ISM) Code and that the provisions of this Convention are confined to the competence to safely execute those procedures.
3 Control procedures under this Convention shall be confined to the standards of competence of the individual seafarers on board and their skills related to watchkeeping as defined in part A of this Code. Onboard assessment of competency shall commence with verification of the certificates of the seafarers.
A-I/4从三个方面收窄评估的形态。第一，评估的对象是the necessary skills related to the occurrence。发生了搁浅，看航行值班技能；发生了非法排放，看与那项作业相关的技能。笼统地考与事件无关的能力，在这条条文之外。
第二，船上程序本身属于ISM规则的领域。STCW看的是个人安全执行那些程序的能力。程序是否恰当，不在STCW监督官的评估范围。第三，评估限于个体海员的能力标准和与值班相关的技能，而且必须从核查证书开始。不看证书就直接要求演示，不是条文规定的顺序。
即使有证书也可能被要求在岗位上演示，但尺度只有A部分
4 Notwithstanding verification of the certificate, the assessment under regulation I/4, paragraph 1.3 can require the seafarer to demonstrate the related competency at the place of duty. Such demonstration may include verification that operational requirements in respect of watchkeeping standards have been met and that there is a proper response to emergency situations within the seafarer’s level of competence.
5 In the assessment, only the methods for demonstrating competence together with the criteria for its evaluation and the scope of the standards given in part A of this Code shall be used.
第4款是监督官一侧的权限。即使证书有效，也可以要求在at the place of duty演示相关能力。演示可以包括值班标准的操作要求是否满足，以及对紧急情况是否有恰当反应。但句末挂着within the seafarer's level of competence。要求值班普通船员作出高级船员水准判断的演示，不在这句话之内。
第5款是船一侧的保护。评估能用的只有A部分规定的能力演示方法、评价标准和标准的范围。监督官不能自己编一套考题带上船。能问某项要求对应A部分哪张表，依据就是这一款。
| 一方 | 条款 | 内容 |
|---|---|---|
| 监督官 | A-I/4第4款 | 即使有证书也可要求在岗位上演示相关能力 |
| 船 | A-I/4第1款 | 演示范围限于与该事件相关的技能 |
| 船 | A-I/4第2款 | 船上程序是否恰当属ISM领域，STCW只到执行能力 |
| 船 | A-I/4第5款 | 评估的方法·标准·范围只能用A部分的 |
滞留的唯一依据是不纠正第2款所列缺陷
2 Deficiencies which may be deemed to pose a danger to persons, property or the environment include the following: .1 failure of seafarers to hold a certificate, to have an appropriate certificate, to have a valid dispensation or to provide documentary proof that an application for an endorsement has been submitted to the Administration in accordance with regulation I/10, paragraph 5; .2 failure to comply with the applicable safe manning requirements of the Administration; .3 failure of navigational or engineering watch arrangements to conform to the requirements specified for the ship by the Administration; .4 absence in a watch of a person qualified to operate equipment essential to safe navigation, safety radiocommunications or the prevention of marine pollution; and .5 inability to provide, for the first watch at the commencement of a voyage and for subsequent relieving watches, persons who are sufficiently rested and otherwise fit for duty.
3 Failure to correct any of the deficiencies referred to in paragraph 2, in so far as it has been determined by the Party carrying out the control that they pose a danger to persons, property or the environment, shall be the only grounds under article X on which a Party may detain a ship.
第2款列出五项可视为危及人员、财产或环境的缺陷。前两项是第1款第.1项和第.2项的镜像。没有证书、免除或签证申请证明，以及不符合安全配员要求。第三、四项关于值班安排。航行或轮机值班安排不符合主管机关为该船规定的要求，或者值班中没有有资格操作安全航行、安全无线电通信、防污染必需设备的人。第五项是休息。无法为航次开始的第一班和之后的接班安排得到充分休息且适于履职的人。
第3款是滞留的门槛。写的是the only grounds。两个条件要重合。存在第2款的缺陷，并且不纠正。此外还加一个条件：实施监督的缔约国已判定该缺陷造成危险。发现缺陷本身不构成滞留。开航前有纠正的路，就到不了第3款的Failure to correct。
第五项缺陷不是靠文件就能了结的。休息时间记录如果显示不出开航值班人员已得到休息，即使证书全都齐备，也落在这一项上。这就是规则I/4不能只当作证书条文来读的原因。
保安能力只在有SOLAS第XI-2章的明显依据时才评估
6 Assessment of competency related to security shall be conducted for those seafarers with specific security duties only in case of clear grounds, as provided for in chapter XI/2 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). In all other cases, it shall be confined to the verification of the certificates and/or endorsements of the seafarers.
保安这边另有一道门。被指定保安职责的海员，其能力评估只在有SOLAS第XI-2章规定的明显依据时才进行。其他情况下止于核查证书和签证。规则I/4第1款第.3项的四项事由中，.3.4含有a compromise to security，但要走到保安能力的演示，还得另外具备A-I/4第6款所指的SOLAS那边的依据。
需要确认的事
上面的引文取自STCW/CONF.2/33的规则I/4和STCW/CONF.2/34的A-I/4。作为监督法律依据的公约第X条正文，以及把监督结果通知船旗国的程序，不在本文范围内。各区域PSC协议如何运作STCW监督，也没有涉及。
第2款的缺陷是否造成危险，由实施监督的缔约国判定。值班安排要求和安全配员要求以主管机关为该船规定的文件为准，所以船上必须有那份文件才能核对。
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规则I/4第1款的前两项是用文件核对证书和安全配员的环节，可以在上船之前就做完。Bellbook把在船人员与安全配员文件对齐，并在同一画面显示每名海员证书的签发国、到期日和签证。
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